Administrator – a person appointed by the Supreme Court (of the applicable State) to administer a deceased estate when the deceased has not left a will, or if they have, for some reason, the nominated executor is unable to or does not wish to act.
Attest and attestation – to bear witness to the genuineness or authenticity of a document by signing as a witness, to authenticate a document.
Attesting witness – A person who sees the will-maker sign his or her will document, and then signs the same document themselves as proof that it was signed in their presence. Having done this, they can then declare or attest that they witnessed the will-maker sign their own will.
Attorney – is a person who has been appointed by someone else to make certain decisions in their place.
Beneficiary – a person who is to receive property left by a deceased person whether distributed according to the deceased's will or under the statutory rules on intestacy.
Co-executors – when more than one person has been appointed by a will-maker to administer their estate.
Deceased estate – all the property (both real estate and personal property) a person owns in their sole name when they die. The estate of a deceased person is what the deceased has left, whether by their will or under the statutory rules on intestacy.
Enduring power of attorney – a document in a form set down by law (see the Power of Attorney Act in each state and territory) which allows a person to name someone else to act on their behalf in regard to their finances and property, should they become incapacitated.
Estate – a person's property, including real estate and personal items, see Deceased estate.
Executor – a person appointed by will to manage, administer, distribute and finalise a deceased estate in accordance with the terms of the will. The executor is also responsible for making arrangements to dispose of the body. An executor maybe one or more individual persons, or a trustee corporation, or public trustee permitted to offer trustee services.
Grant of Probate – see Probate.
Intestate – when a person dies without having made a valid will according to law, or if they did, for some reason it may not be legally valid, either in whole or in part so it does not completely dispose of all of their property. They are said to have died intestate. An administrator is then appointed by the Supreme Court, Probate Registry or Division.
Minor – a person under 18 years old.
Next of kin – generally understood to be the person or persons closest to you, and whom you would want to be contacted in an emergency.
Personal representatives – of a deceased person are executors (if a will was left) or administrators on intestacy.
Probate – a process by which the will or a document alleged to be the will of a deceased person is proven to be valid according to law. A Grant of Probate is an official document certified and issued by the Supreme Court (of a State) as evidence that the Court has recognised and confirmed the authority of the person/s named as executor/s to go ahead and deal with the deceased estate according to the deceased's will, and distribute their assets and property, both real and personal. This must take place first before the executor can obtain title to the property forming the deceased estate, that is, before “calling in" the deceased's assets.
If there is no will, the deceased has died intestate, and in such circumstances, an administrator is appointed, and instead of a grant of probate, they are granted 'letters of administration', or simply administration.
Public Trustee – a statutory authority or government office. Established by an Act of Parliament, a Public Trustee exists to provide trustee services, will services, act as executor, as administrator for intestate estates, financial management services and powers of attorney, among others. Each state and territory have their own Public Trustee.
Realty – real estate
Representation – a term more commonly used to refer collectively to grants of probate or administration.
Right of survivorship – this is a legal right that attaches to the joint ownership of property, whether it is real property (land) or personal property. It is a feature of joint tenancy.
Survivorship – see right of survivorship
Tenancy in common or tenants in common – a type of property ownership where two or more people own a defined, undivided share (for example, one quarter, three quarters) in the same property.
Testament – Latin, meaning a will. It is the formal written document produced when a person records their intentions as to the disposal or transfer of their personal property for when they pass away. Its operation is triggered only in the event of death. In modern will writing, the phrase “Last will and testament" has been reduced to 'last will'.
Testator – a person who makes a will. Testator refers to a male person making a will and testatrix for a female. The term testator is now used to include references to both male and female.
Trustee – a person (or company) appointed to hold property on trust for others, the beneficiaries subject to the terms set out in a will, as a testamentary trust. Executors are often appointed to act as trustees where a trustee role is required following the administration of the estate.
Will – is the officially recognised legal record of a person's intentions as to what they want to have to happen to their property when they die. It is a document that seeks to dispose of the estate of a person on their death.
Will-maker – a person who makes a will.